Ashintsha Kanjani Amathoyizi eMontessori ngeminyaka yobudala, futhi Yiziphi Izinketho Ezingcono Kakhulu zeSigaba Sokuthuthukisa Ngasinye?
Ingabe uyazibuza ukuthi ungawakhetha kanjani amathoyizi eMontessori afanelana kahle nezidingo zokukhula zengane yakho eziguqukayo, noma ufuna isiqondiso mayelana nokukhetha okufanele iminyaka kusukela ewusana kuya esikoleni esiphansi? Konke kumayelana nokuhlinzeka ngezinselele ezifanele ngesikhathi esifanele.
Amathoyizi eMontessori aguquka ngokweminyaka ukuze ahlangabezane nezigigaba ezithile zokukhula kwengane namandla okuqonda, okuqinisekisa ukuthi anikeza izinselele ezifanele ngaphandle kokubangela ukukhungatheka. Ezinsaneni, kugxilwa ekuhloleni izinzwa nokubamba, kusetshenziswa izinto ezilula, zemvelo. Ezinganeni ezisacathula nezasenkulisa, amathoyizi agcizelela amakhono okuphila angokoqobo, ukucolisiswa kahle kwezimoto, ukuxazulula izinkinga, kanye nemiqondo yemfundo yasekuqaleni. Ezinganeni zakuqala, amathuluzi eMontessori asekela ukucabanga okungaqondakali, izibalo ezithuthukile, nezifundo zamasiko. Izinqumo ezingcono kakhulu zesigaba ngasinye zinikeza ukufunda okunenjongo, okuqhubekayo okukhuthaza ukuzimela, ukugxilisa ingqondo, nokuqonda okujulile kwemiqondo, kulungisela ingane ukufunda esikhathini esizayo ngokuhlonipha isifiso sayo sangaphakathi sokuhlola nokubamba indawo ezungezile.
Kusukela ezinsukwini zami zokuqala ekukhiqizeni okunembayo, ngaphambi kokuthi i-WODDLON ibe negama layo, ngahlatshwa umxhwele indima ebalulekile yokuklama okuhambisana neminyaka ekukhuleni kwengane. Njengengcweti enothando olujulile lomklamo womkhiqizo ofundisayo, bengihlale ngikholelwa ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kwethoyizi akukhona nje ukuqina kwalo, kodwa ekhonweni lalo lokuhlangana nengane lapho ekhona ngokukhula. Lokhu kuqonda kuye kwaqhuba ifilosofi ye-WODDLON, ikakhulukazi ekuguquleni izimiso zeMontessori kuwo wonke amaqembu obudala obuhlukahlukene. Ngabona ukuthi indlela yokulinganisa eyodwa ayisebenzi; okukhanga usana kuzokhungathekisa ingane yasenkulisa, nokuthi yiziphi izinselele ingane engaba nazo ingane encane. Uhambo lwami belumayelana namathoyizi wobunjiniyela obucophelelayo ahambisana nokugxuma ngakunye kokukhula, ngiqinisekisa ukuthi kusukela ekukhulumeni okuthambile kwengane kuya kokuqinile kwejiyomethri enganeni, wonke umkhiqizo we-WODDLON uvunywe kahle ukuze uvule amandla awo, uhlinzeka ngamathuluzi afanele okutholwa kuzo zonke izigaba.
Yimiphi Imibono Yethoyizi yaseMontessori Engcono Kakhulu Yezingane (Izinyanga ezi-0-12)?
Ingabe ufuna amathoyizi ezinsana asekela ngobuqotho ukukhula kwezinzwa nokunyakaza kwengane yakho ngaphandle kokuyishukumisa ngokweqile, noma uyazibuza ukuthi izimiso zikaMontessori zisebenza kanjani onyakeni wokuqala wokuphila? Kumayelana nokusebenzelana okumnene, okunenjongo.
Imibono yamathoyizi yaseMontessori engcono kakhulu yezingane (izinyanga ezi-0-12) igxile ekukhuthazeni izinzwa ezikhulayo, ukukhuthaza ukubamba, nokusekela ukulandelela okubonakalayo ngezinto ezilula, zemvelo, neziphephile. Lawa mathoyizi avame ukuba ngenjongo eyodwa futhi awawona awe-elekthronikhi, aklanyelwe ukunikeza okokufaka kwezinzwa okugxilile futhi akhuthaze amakhono okuqala emoto. Izibonelo eziyinhloko zifaka amaselula anokugqama okuphezulu, ama-rattles wokhuni, ubuhlalu bokubamba, amabhola endwangu ethambile, nezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene ezenziwe ngokhuni lwemvelo noma i-silicone.
Ubunjiniyela Bezinzwa Zokuqala Nezimo Zezimoto
Umsebenzi wami wokukhiqiza izinto ezinembayo nezinto ezivikela izingane ubulokhu ungiholela ekwaziseni umklamo ocophelelayo odingekayo emikhiqizweni yezingane. Uma kuziwa ekuthuthukiseni ububanzi bezingane ze-WODDLON, ngangazi ukuthi ukuphepha nokuklama okunenjongo kwakubalulekile. Unyaka wokuqala wengane uyinkathi yokukhula okumangalisayo, futhi konke ukuxhumana kulolonga ubuchopho bayo obukhulayo. Lokhu kuqonda kwangishukumisela ukuba ngihlanganise izimiso zikaMontessori emibonweni yethu yamathoyizi ezinsana, ngigxile ezintweni ezikhuthaza ukuhlola ngaphandle kokuqina amandla. Siklama ngokucophelela ama-rattles okhuni, amaselula, namathoyizi okubamba, siqinisekisa imiphetho ebushelelezi, ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo esifanele, kanye nokuqedwa okungenabo ubuthi. Ukuzibophezela kwami ukuhlinzeka izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ngamathuluzi ahlonipha isigaba sazo sokukhula esithambile, ezivumela ukuthi zihlole ngokuphepha, zibambe, futhi zifunde ngezinzwa zazo, zakhe isisekelo semotor kanye namakhono okuqonda ngendlela emnene, esekelayo.
Ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-0-12 izinyanga, imibono yamathoyizi yaseMontessori igxile ekubandakanyeni izinzwa ezikhula ngokushesha kanye nokuthuthukisa amakhono azo emisipha asafufusa. Umgomo lapha ubulula kanye nokufakwa kwezinzwa okugxilile. Ezinyangeni zokuqala (0-3 izinyanga), high-contrast mobiles ziyigugu. Lawa ngokuvamile amajamo noma amaphethini ejiyomethri amnyama namhlophe, aklanyelwe ukuvuselela umbono okhulayo wengane ngaphandle kobunzima obukhulu. Kwa-WODDLON, amaselula ethu enziwe ngendlela yokuthi ahehe kodwa azole, enziwe ngezinto ezingasindi, eziphephile ezinyakaza kancane. Lapho izingane ziqala ukufinyelela futhi zibambe (izinyanga ezi-3-6), ama-rattles ngokhuni futhi ebamba ubuhlalu iba semqoka. Ama-rattle ethu okhuni aklanyelwe ukuba alingane kahle nezandla ezincane, anikeze isisindo esanelisayo nomsindo opholile, wemvelo lapho unyakaziswa. Impendulo ethintekayo yokhuni lwemvelo olubushelelezi lucebe kakhulu kunepulasitiki. Ama-Discs ahlanganisiwe iphinde ikhuthaze ukusebenzisana kwamazwe amabili kanye nokudluliselwa kwezinto zisuka esandleni ziye kwesinye. Kamuva esigabeni sosana (izinyanga eziyisi-6-12), lapho izingane sezihamba kancane futhi seziqala ukuhlala, amabhola endwangu ethambile ngezimo ezahlukene noma amathoyizi egingqa ngokhuni khuthaza ukukhasa nokuhlola. Amazinyo eyenziwe ngokhuni olungalashiwe noma i-silicone yebanga lokudla ibalulekile ekuhloleni ngomlomo nasezinsini ezipholile. Ngayinye yalawa mathoyizi inhloso eyodwa ngamabomu, evumela usana ukuba lugxile ekwazini ikhono elithile noma ukuqonda okokufaka kwezinzwa okuthile, kwakha isisekelo esiqinile sokufunda esikhathini esizayo.
| Ibanga lobudala (Izinyanga) | I-Montessori Toy Idea | Ukugxila Kwentuthuko | I-WODDLON Design Ukucatshangelwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0-3 | Amaselula agqama kakhulu (isb., i-Munari Mobile) | Ukulandelela okubonakalayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ocular. | Amaphethini abonakalayo alula, alinganiselayo, acacile. |
| 3-6 | Ukugwedla Ngokhuni, Ukubamba Ubuhlalu, Amadiski Ahlanganisayo | I-reflex yokubamba, ukuxhumanisa neso lesandla, ukudluliswa kwamazwe amabili. | Ubushelelezi, obungenabo ubuthi, usayizi/isisindo esiphelele sezandla zezingane. |
| 6-9 | Amazinyo Okhuni, Amabhola Endwangu Ethambile, Ibhokisi Lokuhlala Lento | Ukuhlola ngomlomo, injini ecolekileyo, imbangela-nomphumela. | Izinto ezihlala isikhathi eside, ezisezingeni lokudla, kulula ukuzisebenzisa. |
| 9-12 | Amathoyizi Okugingqa Ngokhuni, Izindandatho Ezilula Zokunqwabelanisa (1-2 izindandatho) | Isikhuthazo sokukhasa, ukupakisha kusenesikhathi, ukuxazulula izinkinga. | Amasondo aginqikayo ebushelelezi, izindandatho ezibambekayo kalula. |
Yimiphi Imibono Yethoyizi Ye-Montessori Engcono Kakhulu Yokufunda Isikole Sojahidada (Iminyaka engu-1-5)?
Ingabe ufuna imibono yamathoyizi yaseMontessori ekhuthaza ukuzimela, amakhono amahle emoto, kanye nemiqondo yezemfundo yasekuqaleni ezinganeni zasenkulisa, noma uyazibuza ukuthi zingawakhetha kanjani amathoyizi asekela amakhono abo okuqonda akhula ngokushesha? Imayelana nokuhlola okuhlelekile nokwakhiwa kwamakhono.
Imibono engcono kakhulu yamathoyizi kaMontessori yokufunda esikoleni sasenkulisa (iminyaka engu-1-5) yileyo ekhuthaza amakhono okuphila angokoqobo, ecolisa ukulawulwa kahle kwemoto, ethula imiqondo yezemfundo yasekuqaleni (njengezinhlamvu, izinombolo, kanye nokwakheka), futhi ekhuthaza ukuxazulula izinkinga nokugxilisa ingqondo. Lawa mathoyizi asebenza ngezandla, ayazilungisa, futhi ngokuvamile enziwa ngezinto zemvelo. Izibonelo ezimqoka zihlanganisa ukuthela nokuqoqa amasethi, amafreyimu okugqoka, amaphazili epulangwe, izihlungi zomumo, okuqinile kwejiyomethri, nezinto zokubala zakuqala.
Ubunjiniyela Bokukhula Komqondo kanye Nobungcweti Bekhono
Njengochwepheshe bokukhiqiza okunembayo kanye nomklami womkhiqizo ofundisayo, bengilokhu ngiqhutshwa inkolelo yokuthi amathoyizi kufanele abe ngamathuluzi anenjongo okukhula. Ezinganeni zasenkulisa, lokhu kusho ukwenza izinto ezingagcini nje ngokudonsa umcabango wabo kodwa futhi zisekele ngokucophelela amakhono abo okuqonda kanye nemisipha. Ukuzibophezela kwami e-WODDLON ukwenza amathoyizi onjiniyela avala igebe phakathi kokudlala nokufunda. Senza yonke into kusukela kuzindida zokhuni kuya kokuqinile kwejiyomethri ngokunemba okungantengantengi, siqinisekisa ukulinganisa okungaguquguquki, ukuqedwa okushelelayo, nokwakhiwa okuqinile. Inhloso yethu ukuhlinzeka izingane zasenkulisa ngezinto zokuzilungisa, ezibandakanyayo ezizinika amandla okuhlola imiqondo, zithuthukise ubuhlakani bazo, futhi zakhe isisekelo esiqinile sempumelelo yezemfundo, konke lokhu kugqugquzelwa ilukuluku labo lemvelo nokuzimela.
Ezinganeni zasenkulisa (iminyaka engu-1-5), imibono yamathoyizi kaMontessori ikhula kakhulu, igxile emakhonweni okuphila angokoqobo, ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono emoto, kanye nokwethulwa kwemiqondo yezemfundo yasekuqaleni. Leli qembu lobudala liyachuma ngomsebenzi onenjongo kanye nomuzwa wokufeza okuthile. Amathoyizi okuphila awusizo njengamasethi amancane okuhlanza, ukuthululela amasethi anempahla eyomile, namafreyimu okugqoka (izinkinobho, oziphu, ama-snap) kubalulekile. Bavumela izingane ukuba zilingise imisebenzi yabantu abadala, ukwakha ukuzimela, ukugxilisa ingqondo, nokuxhumana kahle kwezimoto. Kwa-WODDLON, amasethi ethu okuphila angokoqobo akalwa kahle ukuze asebenzele izandla ezincane, aqinisekise ukuhlanganyela okungenazinkathazo. Izindida zokhuni guquka ukusuka kumaphazili anamafindo alula ukuze kubonwe umumo kuye kumandida afakwe ngaphakathi ayinkimbinkimbi abethula i-geometry negeography. Izihlungi zomumo futhi izinto eziqinile zejometri ukusiza izingane ziqonde izimo ze-2D ne-3D, ukuthuthukisa ukucwasa okubonakalayo kanye nokucabanga kwendawo. Ngaphambili izinto zokubala njengobuhlalu bokhuni noma izinti zezinombolo zenza isisekelo sokuqonda kwezibalo ngokwenza imiqondo engabonakali ikhonkolo. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwezinzwa nakho kucwengwa ngezinto ezifana imigqomo yezinzwa (egcwele irayisi, ubhontshisi, nezinkomishi/izitsha ezincane) noma amabhokisi endwangu (ama-swatches endwangu ahlukene). Ithoyizi ngalinye lenzelwe ukuthi likwazi ukuzilungisa, okusho ukuthi ingane ingakwazi ukuzitholela amaphutha ayo futhi ifunde kuwo ngaphandle kokungenelela kwabantu abadala, ikhuthaze ukuxazulula izinkinga nokubekezela.
| Ibanga lobudala (Iminyaka) | I-Montessori Toy Idea | Ukugxila Kwentuthuko | I-WODDLON Design Ukucatshangelwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1-2 | Izindida Ezinkulu Zokhuni (ezinamafindo), Izihlungi Zomumo Ezilula, Izindandatho zokupakisha (amasongo angu-5-6) | Injini enhle, unaphakade wento, ukuxazulula izinkinga kusenesikhathi. | Izicucu, izingcezu ezibamba kalula, ukwakhiwa kokhuni oluqinile. |
| 2-3 | Ukuthulula/Amasethi Wokuqoqa, Amafreyimu Okugqoka, Okuqinile KweJiyomethri, Amathebulethi Anemibala | Impilo engokoqobo, imoto enhle, ukubandlululwa kwezinzwa. | Amathuluzi angangengane, okuqinile okusikwe ngokunemba, imibala egqamile kodwa elula. |
| 3-4 | Izindida Zezinhlamvu/Izinombolo Zokhuni, Ubuhlalu Bokuleqa, Amabhulokhi Okwakha, Imibuthano Yengxenyana | Ukufunda ngaphambilini/izibalo, ukuxhumana neso lesandla, ukwakha. | Umumo onembile wezinhlamvu/inombolo, izimbobo ezishelelayo zokulesela, amasayizi amabhulokhi angaguquki. |
| 4-5 | Izindida Zezwekazi, Izinhlamvu Zezinhlamvu Ezinyakazayo, Ubuhlalu Begolide (izibalo zakuqala), Izindida zeBotany | IJografi, ukufunda nokubhala/izibalo zakuqala, ukuhlola isayensi. | Umumo wejografi onemininingwane, ukulinganisa ubuhlalu okunembayo, izithombe ezicacile zesayensi. |
Yimiphi Imibono Yethoyizi Ye-Montessori Engcono Kakhulu Yeminyaka Yokuqala (Iminyaka Engu-6-12)?
Ingabe ufuna amathuluzi e-Montessori asekela ukucabanga okungaqondakali, imiqondo yezemfundo ephakeme, nokufunda okuzimele kwezingane ezifunda amabanga aphansi, noma uyazibuza ukuthi ungayinweba kanjani indlela ye-Montessori ukudlulela ebuntwaneni? Kumayelana nokwenza imibono eyinkimbinkimbi ibambeke.
Imibono yamathoyizi yaseMontessori ehamba phambili yeminyaka ephansi (iminyaka engu-6-12) isuka ekukhohlisweni okuphathekayo iye ekusekeleni umcabango ongabonakali kuzo zonke izifundo ezifana nezibalo, ulimi, nezifundo zamasiko. Lezi zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "izinto ezibonakalayo" kunokuba "amathoyizi," yakhelwe ukukhombisa imiqondo eyinkimbinkimbi ngokusebenzisa ukuhlola ngezandla. Izibonelo ezibalulekile zifaka i-Montessori Checkerboard yokuphindaphindeka, izimpawu zohlelo lolimi, amakhadi ahlukanisiwe wesayensi yezilwane noma isayensi yezitshalo, ikhabethe lejiyomethri yejiyomethri ethuthukisiwe, kanye nezinto ze-Great Lessons.
Ubunjiniyela Bomcabango Ongacacile kanye Nokufunda Okujulile
Njengochwepheshe bokukhiqiza okunembayo kanye nomklami womkhiqizo ofundisayo, uhambo lwami e-WODDLON selugxile kakhulu kumathuluzi ayinkimbinkimbi adingekayo ekufundeni kwabantu abadala. Ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-6-12, inselele ayisekho nje ngokubamba izinto kodwa imayelana nokubamba imiqondo engabonakali. Lokhu kudinga izinto eziklanywe ngokucophelela ukuze zihlanganise ukhonkolo kanye ne-abstract, okwenza izingane zikwazi ukubona ngeso lengqondo futhi zisebenzise imibono eyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuzibophezela kwami kuwunjiniyela lawa mathuluzi eMontessori ngokunemba okukhulu nokuqina, ngiqinisekisa ukuthi yonke i-Checkerboard, uphawu lohlelo lolimi, noma okuqinile kwejiyomethri kuwusizo oluthembekile nolusebenzayo ohambweni lwabo lobuhlakani. E-WODDLON, siyaqonda ukuthi lawa akuwona amathoyizi nje; zingamathuluzi okuthola ulwazi olunzulu, aklanyelwe ukumelana neminyaka yophenyo futhi asiza izingane ukuba zithuthukise ukuqonda okujulile, okunembile komhlaba.
Ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-6-12 ubudala, i-Montessori "amathoyizi" ziphenduke zibe "izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi" yakhelwe ukusekela inguquko isuka ekuqondeni okuphathekayo iye emcabangweni ongaqondakali. Lesi sigaba, esaziwa ngokuthi i-Second Plane of Development, sigxile ekucabangeni, emcabangweni, nasemfundweni ye-cosmic ehlanganisa izifundo. Ku izibalo, izinto ezifana ne I-Montessori Checkerboard (yokuphindaphinda kwamadijithi amaningi) kanye ne Uhlaka Olukhulu Lwe-Bead (ukuthola inani lendawo nokusebenza) vumela izingane ukuthi zilawule izinombolo ngokoqobo zibe izinkulungwane nezigidi, zenze izibalo ezingabonakali zibambeke. Ngoba ulimi, izinto ezifana izimpawu zohlelo lolimi (emele izingxenye zenkulumo) kanye ne izinhlamvu zamagama ezinyakazayo (esetshenziswa ekubhaleni okuqanjiwe nesipelingi) hlinzeka ngendlela yokusebenzelana nesakhiwo solimi. Ku izifundo zamasiko, amakhadi ahlukanisiwe we isayensi yezilwane, isayensi yezitshalo, futhi igeography nikeza imifanekiso enemininingwane nolwazi, okuvumela izingane ukuba zihlele, zihlukanise, futhi zakhe ulwazi ngendlela ehlelekile. I IKhabhinethi yeJiyomethri futhi onxantathu abakhayo yethula imiqondo ethuthukisiwe yejiyomethri nobufakazi ngokukhohlisa. "Izifundo Ezinkulu" izinto ezisetshenziswayo, okuyizinsiza-kubona ezibanzi, inhlansi yokucabanga ngemvelaphi yendawo yonke, ukuphila, nomlando womuntu. Kwa-WODDLON, sigxila ekukhiqizeni lezi zinto ngokunemba nokuqina okungavamile, sisebenzisa izinkuni ezinhle nemifanekiso eqoshiwe enembile, siqaphela ukuthi akuzona nje ezomdlalo wesikhashana kodwa zingamathuluzi okufunda ayisisekelo azosetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe iminyaka, eqondisa izingane ukuba zihlole imibono eyinkimbinkimbi ngokuzimela nangokuqonda okujulile.
| Indawo Yesihloko | I-Montessori Material Idea | Ukugxila Kwentuthuko | I-WODDLON Design Ukucatshangelwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Izibalo | I-Montessori Checkerboard, Uhlaka Olukhulu Lwe-Bead, I-Fraction Skittles | Izibalo ezingabonakali, inani lendawo, izingxenyana, ijometri. | Ukusika ngokunemba, izinombolo ezinembile, ukhuni oluqinile. |
| Ulimi | Izimpawu Zohlelo, Amabhokisi Okuhlaziya Imisho, Amakhadi Ahlukanisiwe | Izingxenye zenkulumo, ukwakheka kwemisho, ukunwetshwa kwamagama. | Izimpawu ezicacile, ukuphrinta okufundekayo, isitokwe samakhadi esiqinile. |
| Isiko | I-Continent Globes, Amakhadi Ahlukanisiwe (izilwane/izitshalo), Izikhathi Zomlando | Geography, biology, umlando, interconnectedness yokuphila. | Amamephu anembile, izithombe ezinemininingwane, ukwakhiwa okuhlala isikhathi eside. |
| Ijiyomethri | Ikhabhinethi yeJiyomethri, Onxantathu Abakhayo, Ikhibhu yeBinomial/Trinomial | Amajamo weJiyomethri, ubufakazi, imiqondo ye-algebraic. | Ubukhulu obuqondile, ukuqedwa okushelelayo, ukubhala ngekhodi kombala. |
Isiphetho
Amathoyizi eMontessori aklanyelwe ngokucatshangelwayo iminyaka yobudala ngayinye, kusukela ezintweni ezithinta izinzwa zezingane kuya kumathuluzi okuphila asebenzayo ezingane zasenkulisa kanye nezinsiza-kufunda ezingacacile zezingane ezisaqalayo, ezinikeza izingane amandla okufunda okulingana neminyaka, okusebenza ngezandla ukuze zikhule ngokuqhubekayo.
